Southern elephant seal - Knowledge (XXH) (2025)

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989:, southern elephant seals associate more frequently with southerly, higher‐latitude fronts and frontal zones. However, the foraging success in association with these regions varies strongly according to year, season and sex. Some of the seasonal and interannual variations in foraging success can be linked to climatic changes such as positional shifts in fronts and variability associated with frontal positions. Generally, southern elephant seals appear to be resilient against the apparent variability in the location and productivity of frontal systems.584:

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seals as oceanographic samplers and the Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole projects have led to the collection of a large suite of long-term coupled behavioural-oceanographic data. As part of these projects, satellite-relay data loggers were attached to southern elephant seals to collect physical and biological data. This simultaneous collection of behavioural and environmental data, spanning more than ten years, has enabled researchers to study the

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about 40kg (88lb) at birth, and reach 120 to 130kg (260 to 290lb) by the time they are weaned. The mother loses significant weight during this time. Young weaned seals gather in nurseries until they lose their birth coats. They enter the water to practice swimming, generally starting their apprenticeship in estuaries or ponds. In summer, the elephant seals come ashore to moult. This sometimes happens directly after reproduction.

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severe tears and cuts. Some males can stay ashore for more than three months without food. Males commonly vocalize with a coughing roar that serves in both individual recognition and size assessment. Conflicts between high-ranking males are more often resolved with posturing and vocalizing than with physical contact.

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Climate change likely has a wide-ranging and diverse impact on marine species such as southern elephant seals. As top predators in the Southern Ocean, southern elephant seals inhabit one of the most sensitive and vulnerable regions to rapid climate change. Global efforts such as the Southern elephant

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After the end of large-scale seal hunting in the 19th century, the southern elephant seal recovered to a sizable population in the 1950s; since then, an unexplained decline in the subpopulations of the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean has occurred. The population now seems to be stable; the reasons for

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Generally, pups are born rather quickly in the breeding season. After being born, a newborn will bark or yap and its mother will respond with a high-pitched moan. The newborn begins to suckle immediately. Lactation lasts an average of 23 days. Throughout this period, the female fasts. Newborns weigh

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the fluctuation are unknown. Suggested explanations include a phenomenon of depression following a rapid demographic rebound that depletes vital resources, a change in climate, competition with other species whose numbers also varied, or even an adverse influence of scientific monitoring techniques.

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are used little while swimming. While their hind limbs are unfit for locomotion on land, elephant seals use their fins as support to propel their bodies. They are able to propel themselves quickly (as fast as 8km/h (5.0mph)) in this way for short-distance travel, to return to water, to

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A southern elephant seal's eyes are large, round, and black. The width of the eyes, and a high concentration of low-light pigments, suggest sight plays an important role in the capture of prey. Like all seals, elephant seals have hind limbs whose ends form the tail and tail fin. Each of the "feet"

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One of the most famous southern elephant seals was Minazo, who lived in Japan's Enoshima Aquarium from when he was a half-year old until his death in 2005 at age 11. Minazo became popular for his signature bucket-holding, tongue-lolling pose. In 2006, Minazo was memorialized by the Japanese noise

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These projects focused on southern elephant seals because they are deep divers as well as a major predator in the Southern Ocean in terms of their population size and food consumption. As predators of the upper levels of the food-web, their foraging success and population dynamics impart valuable

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An elephant seal must stay in his territory to defend it, which could mean months without eating, having to live on his blubber storage. Two fighting males use their weight and canine teeth against each other. The outcome is rarely fatal, and the defeated bull will flee; however, bulls can suffer

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After their near extinction due to hunting in the 19th century, the total population was estimated at between 664,000 and 740,000 in 2005, but as of 2002, two of the three major subpopulations were declining. The reasons for this are unclear, but are thought to be related to the distribution and

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called "lolrus". In his liner notes, Masami Akita suggested Minazo's frequent and demanding performances left him exhausted, contributing ultimately to his death. Akita's intention in celebrating Minazo was to highlight the plight of captive animals used for performance before public audiences.

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of any mammal in terms of mass ratio, with males typically five to six times heavier than females. On average female southern elephant seals weigh 350 to 900kg (770 to 1,980lb) and measure 2.6 to 3m (8.5 to 9.8ft) long, whereas bulls can range from 1,500 to 3,700kg

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when they arrive. Large body size confers advantages in fighting, and the agonistic relationships of the bulls gives rise to a dominance hierarchy, with access to harems and activity within harems being determined by rank. The dominant bulls ("harem masters") establish harems of several dozen

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zones. Individuals will return annually to the same hunting areas. Due to the inaccessibility of their deep-water foraging areas, no comprehensive information has been obtained about their dietary preferences, although some observation of hunting behavior and prey selection has occurred.

469:, South Georgia, on 28 February 1913, measured 6.85m (22.5ft) long and was estimated to weigh 5,000kg (11,000lb), although it was only partially weighed piecemeal. The maximum size of a female is 1,000kg (2,200lb) and 3.7m (12ft).750:. These capabilities result from nonstandard physiological adaptations, common to marine mammals, but particularly developed in elephant seals. The coping strategy is based on increased oxygen storage and reduced oxygen consumption.1754:

Cárcamo, D., Pizarro, M., Orellana, M., Muñoz, L., Pavés, G., Sepúlveda, M., Durán, R., y Oliva, D. (2019). Are southern elephant seals re-invading mid-latitude grounds? New sightings and first birth records off the Chilean Coast.

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Elephant seals are among the seals that can stay on land for the longest periods of time, as they can stay dry for several consecutive weeks each year. Males arrive in the colonies earlier than the females and fight for control of

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The world population was estimated at 650,000 in the mid-1990s, and was estimated in 2005 at between 664,000 and 740,000. Studies have shown the existence of three geographic subpopulations, one in each of the three oceans.

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accompanies weaning. After moulting, the coats may turn grey and brown, depending on the thickness and moisture of hair. Among older males, the skin takes the form of a thick leather which is often scarred.

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Southern elephant seals from different colonies frequent specific oceanographic regions to forage. They feed most successfully in areas with specific hydrographic properties, e.g. the upwelling regions of

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Proceedings of OceanObs 09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society (Vol. 2), Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, Hall, J., Harrison D.E. & Stammer, D., Eds., ESA Publication WPP-306

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on southern elephant seals and the Antarctic ecosystem. This data provides information on how the Southern Ocean is changing in relation to climate change as well as how these species respond to changes.

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Sepúlveda, M., Pavés, G., Harrod, C., y Gómez-Uchida, D. (2019). Sighting of a Southern elephant seal Mirounga leoninain the Toltén River, southern Chile. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 53,

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and fish—at depths of 400 to 1,000m (1,300 to 3,300ft). They are the deepest diving air-breathing non-cetaceans and have been recorded at a maximum of 2,388m (7,835ft) in depth.

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Tracking studies have indicated the routes traveled by elephant seals, demonstrating their main feeding area is at the edge of the Antarctic continent. While elephant seals may come ashore in

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Satellite tracking revealed the seals spend very little time on the surface, usually a few minutes for breathing. They dive repeatedly, each time for more than 20 minutes, to hunt their prey—

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McClain, Craig R.; Balk, Meghan A.; Benfield, Mark C.; Branch, Trevor A.; Chen, Catherine; Cosgrove, James; Dove, Alistair D.M.; Gaskins, Leo C.; Helm, Rebecca R. (13 January 2015).

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Boyd, I. L.; Walker, T. R.; Poncet, J. (1996). Walton, David W. H.; Vaughan, Alan P. M.; Hulbe, Christina L. (eds.). "Status of Southern Elephant seals at South Georgia".

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In Chile, the species is currently believed to be in a process of re-colonization of its former range. It has for example been sighted in the 2010s at the mouth of

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of the adult male, which is used to produce very loud roars, especially during the breeding season. A bull southern elephant seal is about 40% heavier than a male

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Biuw, M.; Boehme, L.; Guinet, C.; Hindell, M.; Costa, D.; Charrassin, J.-B.; Roquet, F.; Bailleul, F.; Meredith, M.; Thorpe, S.; Tremblay, Y. (21 August 2007).

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information about productivity at different trophic levels. The well-being of southern elephant seals therefore mirrors that of the whole Antarctic ecosystem.

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Charrassin, J. B.; Roquet, F.; Park, Y. H.; Bailleul, F.; Guinet, C.; Meredith, M.; Nicholls, K.; Thorpe, S.; Tremblay, Y.; Costa, D.; Göbel, Miriam (2010).

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females. The least successful males have no harems, but they may try to copulate with a harem male's females when the male is not looking. The majority of

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Pups are born with fur and are completely black. Their coats are unsuited to water, but protect infants by insulating them from the cold air. The first

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The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization, by the Baron (G) Cuvier, with additional descriptions by Edward Griffith and others

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As for the duration, depth and sequence of dives, the southern elephant seal is the best performing seal. In many regards, they exceed even most

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446:(3,300 to 8,200lb) and grow to 4.2 to 5.8m (14 to 19ft) in length. For comparison, among the northern elephant seal and the9012:

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Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I

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declining levels of the seals' primary food sources. Most of their important breeding sites are now protected by international treaty, as

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1002:, in a two-volume album, with artwork by Jenny Akita showing Minazo holding his beloved bucket. In 2007, Minazo became the subject of an454:)—two other large marine mammals that are highly sexual dimorphic by size—males typically outweigh females by a factor of three to four.9002:

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Der See-Elefant (Macrorhinus elephantinus) des Museum Umlauff Hamburg: Schilderung seiner Lebensweise und wissenschaftliche Beschreibung

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Sleeper shark (Somniosus antarcticus) and other bite wounds observed on southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) at Macquarie Island

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P. G. Rodhouse; T. R. Arnbom; M. A. Fedak; J. Yeatman & A. W. A. Murray (1992). "Cephalopod prey of the southern elephant seal,

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The largest subpopulation is in the South Atlantic, with more than 400,000 individuals, including about 113,000 breeding females on

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The second subpopulation, in the south Indian Ocean, consists of up to 200,000 individuals, three-quarters of which breed in the

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Perrin, W. F.; Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd G.; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (5 February 2002).

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1786:"Islas Caicura (41°S): sitio importante para la reproducción de aves y mamíferos marinos del seno de Reloncaví, sur de Chile"8662:

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M. A. Hindell; D. J. Slip & H. R. Burton (1991). "The diving behavior of adult male and female Southern Elephant Seals,

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2777:"Biology, threats and conservation status of the SUB-ANTARCTIC FUR SEAL AND SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL in Australian waters"1485:

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2725:"Tasmania's Neil the seal has found viral fame, leaving experts concerned for his welfare | Tasmania | The Guardian"8815:

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2615:"The importance of Southern Ocean frontal systems for the improvement of body condition in southern elephant seals"1935:

1933:; McIntyre, T.; Wilkinson, I.S. (2011). "Sex at sea: alternative mating system in an extremely polygynous mammal".1745:

Shuker K., 2014, The Beasts That Hide from Man: Seeking the World's Last Undiscovered Animals, pp.138, Cosimo, Inc.

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While hunting in the dark depths, elephant seals seem to locate their prey, at least in part, using vision; the

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females and a significant proportion of multiparous females mate at sea with roaming males away from harems.

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2529:"New insights into Southern Ocean physical and biological processes revealed by instrumented elephant seals"2439:

Costa, D. P.; Huckstadt, L. A.; Crocker, D. E.; McDonald, B. I.; Goebel, M. E.; Fedak, M. A. (3 June 2010).

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had been pointed out as possible misidentification of elephant seals historically present on Saint Helena.

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2190:"Diet of male southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina L.) hauled out at Vincennes Bay, East Antarctica"8771:

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of some prey animals can facilitate their capture. Elephant seals do not have a developed system of

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2782:. Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra. 2004. Archived from2361:

First-year survival of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island

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1647:(2). Rio de Janeiro: Sociedade Latino-Americana de Especialistas em Mamíferos Aquáticos: 195–198.8789:

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McCann, T. S. (1980). "Population structure and social organization of Southern Elephant Seals,

1821:"Fluctuations in the Population of Southern Elephant Seals Mirounga Leonina at Kerguelen Island"8908:

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1629:"First records of elephant seals on the Guayaquil Gulf, Ecuador: on the occurrence of either a457:

Southern elephant seal size also varies regionally. Studies have indicated elephant seals from

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Cursach, Jaime A.; Vilugrón, Jonnathan; Rau, Jaime M.; Tobar, Claudio; Carlos, Carlos (2022).

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497:, capturing heat from them. This structure is present in extremities such as the hind legs.462:

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Block, Barbara A; Costa, Daniel P; Boehlert, George W; Kochevar, Randy E (September 2002).

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Jones, E. (1981). "Age in relation to breeding status of the male Southern Elephant Seal,

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can deploy five long, webbed fingers. This agile dual palm is used to propel water. The

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McCann, T. S. (1981). "Aggression and sexual activity of male Southern elephant seals,

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Gregory S. Schorr; Erin A. Falcone; David J. Moretti; Russel D. Andrews (2014).

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In the nineteenth century, the species was often called "bottle-nosed seal".

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G. Daneri & A. Carlini (2002). "Fish prey of southern elephant seals,

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2751:"Tasmania's viral 'Neil the Seal' gets into standoff with police: Watch"2613:

Gordine, Samantha A.; Fedak, Michael A.; Boehme, Lars (September 2019).

2490:"Revealing pelagic habitat use: the tagging of Pacific pelagics program"1445:(2nded.). Burlington, Massachusetts: Academic Press. p.346.742:

Southern elephant seal (young males): collective mudbath during moulting

8929:

8895:

8623:

8247:

8094:

7968:

7683:

7195:

6525:

5991:

5547:

5511:

5378:

5346:

5330:

4843:

4546:

4125:

3606:

3513:

3431:

3359:

3301:

3278:

3171:

2649:

2528:

2030:

1653:

1628:

1321:

999:

639:

386:

316:

2161:

2118:"Census of Marine Life – From the Edge of Darkness to the Black Abyss"1957:

1877:

1581:

1151:(in Latin) (10thed.). Holmiæ: Laurentius Salvius. pp.37–388636:

8569:

8351:

8298:

8043:

7731:

7465:

6185:

5846:

5681:

5438:

4875:

3647:

3573:

3522:

3504:

3477:

3398:

3260:

3043:

3031:

2639:

2614:

1007:

358:

163:

143:

32:

8490:

2880:. Antarctic Connection. Archived from the original on 9 October 20082254:

2022:

1305:

753:

In the ocean, the seals apparently live alone. Most females dive in

1014:

In late 2023, a 600-kg (1300-lb) southern elephant seal nicknamed "

8797:

8333:

8192:

8135:

8008:

7811:

7668:

7295:

7277:

6900:

6570:

5819:

5804:

4465:

3756:

3251:

1515:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton Univ. Press. pp.112–115.1047:

941:

910:), exclusively small pups in the latter case, have been recorded.879:

869:

737:

731:

721:

704:

679:

631:

582:

568:

519:

424:

324:

106:

100:

2054:"First long-term behavioral records from Cuvier's beaked whales (461:

are around 30% heavier and 10% longer on average than those from

8750:

7707:

6603:

5928:

5864:

3537:

3269:

891:

643:

8494:

7399:

6856:

6160:

5312:

4447:

3888:

3068:

2990:

5837:

5446:

3774:

1066:

1064:

599:

The third subpopulation of about 75,000 seals is found in the

2359:

McMahon, C. R., Burton, H. R., & Bester, M. N. (1999).

894:. Cases where weaned pups have been attacked and killed by2959:

2188:

Van Den Hoff, John; Burton, Harry; Davies, Rupert (2003).

1011:

Minazo has also been featured on several T-shirt designs.

2422:"MEOP – Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole"543:

in Argentina (the only continental breeding population).

513:

occasionally to rest or to mate, they gather to breed in

2676:"Popular Enoshima aquarium seal dies after 10½-year run"2421:

2013:

Link, J. K.; Bryden, M. M. (1992). "Mirounga leonina".

1627:

Alava, Juan José; Carvajal, Raúl (July–December 2005).

1513:

Whales, Dolphins, and Other Marine Mammals of the World

1402:. Vol.5. Printed for G.B. Whittaker. p.180.638:, with two reports from the Río Guayas estuary area in493:

of elephant seals is adapted to the cold; a mixture of

345:. It gets its name from its massive size and the large2619:

Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems

9038:

Fauna of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

930:) have been found on surviving elephant seals in the433:

The southern elephant seal is distinguished from the

1294:

Fay, Francis H. (24 May 1985). "Odobenus rosmarus".

1180:"On the Elephant Seal, Macrorhinus leoninus (Linn.)"726:

Southern elephant seal (just weaned pup): first bath

8852:

8503:

8296:

8245:

8236:

8190:

8166:

8133:

8092:

8041:

8007:

7966:

7925:

7908:

7863:

7837:

7828:

7729:

7705:

7681:

7655:

7578:

7523:

7481:

7464:

7440:

7412:

7367:

7326:

7293:

7276:

7217:

7167:

7134:

7108:

7045:

7004:

6971:

6912:

6891:

6869:

6771:

6730:

6702:

6668:

6651:

6601:

6568:

6524:

6481:

6462:

6371:

6330:

6276:

6250:

6226:

6198:

6176:

6120:

6093:

6084:

6025:

5990:

5966:

5942:

5927:

5916:

5817:

5758:

5743:

5670:

5620:

5588:

5573:

5436:

5403:

5377:

5344:

5328:

5228:

5186:

5046:

5011:

4956:

4923:

4873:

4832:

4823:

4802:

4761:

4711:

4685:

4648:

4613:

4596:

4580:

4544:

4503:

4479:

4464:

4411:

4226:

4187:

4178:

4123:

4082:

4064:

4014:

3961:

3912:

3901:

3852:

3754:

3690:

3664:

3636:

3595:

3586:

3535:

3448:

3411:

3385:

3348:

3324:

3315:

3299:

3231:

3198:

3189:

3169:

3127:

3116:

3084:

2857:. The MarineBio Conservation Society. 6 April 2017.1373:. Enfield, Middlesex: Guinness Superlatives.757:for foraging, while males dive in both pelagic and1366:

478:catch up with a female, or to chase an intruder.2950:images and movies of the southern elephant seal2552:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences2346:Van Den Hoff, J., & Morrice, M. G. (2008).1396:"Synopsis of the species of the class Mammalia"1185:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London524:Southern elephant seal harem on a beach on the381:The southern elephant seal was one of the many1891:

1889:

1887:

1140:

1138:

1096:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T13583A45227247.en357:), which is nearly twice the weight of a male3002:

2670:

2668:

8:

2802:Block, D.; Meyer, Philip; Myers, P. (2004).2371:

2369:

1929:de Bruyn, P.J.N.; Tosh, C.A.; Bester, M.N.;1727:PERÚ, NOTICIAS EL COMERCIO (11 March 2016).1484:Block, D.; Meyer, Philip; Myers, P. (2004).2814:. The Regents of the University of Michigan2324:. Seal Conservation Society. Archived from1492:. The Regents of the University of Michigan1369:The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats890:Weaned pups and juveniles may fall prey to9033:Fauna of Heard Island and McDonald Islands8491:

8242:

8021:

7922:

7843:

7834:

7661:

7478:

7420:

7409:

7396:

7290:

7114:

6909:

6866:

6853:

6785:

6682:

6665:

6530:

6495:

6478:

6256:

6223:

6173:

6157:

6090:

5996:

5939:

5924:

5755:

5600:

5585:

5383:

5341:

5325:

5309:

5017:

4829:

4820:

4691:

4619:

4610:

4593:

4515:

4476:

4461:

4457:

4444:

4408:

4184:

4094:

4079:

4061:

3967:

3909:

3898:

3885:

3670:

3592:

3391:

3321:

3312:

3195:

3186:

3182:

3166:

3124:

3113:

3092:

3081:

3065:

3009:

2995:

2987:

1769:

1767:

402:, where it was given the binomial name of259:

78:

54:

40:

20:

2648:

2638:

2589:

2571:

2456:

2093:

2083:

1987:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society1956:

1836:

1803:

1652:

1641:Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals1598:

1580:

1428:

1426:

1094:

2869:San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, 2002.2350:. Marine mammal science, 24(1), 239–247.1622:

1620:

1618:

2832:Integrated Taxonomic Information System1511:Shirihai, H. & Jarrett, B. (2006).1060:

2891:

2723:Pamela Rontziokos (22 December 2023).1360:

1358:

1356:

1220:(in German). Hamburg: A. Friedländer.878:spp.) and other crustaceans, and even773:in the manner of cetaceans, but their603:islands of the Pacific Ocean south of1437:, J. G. M., eds. (24 November 2008).998:musician Masami Akita, also known as7:

9073:Least concern biota of South America8935:B1F93525-5F4A-4E73-BC22-536FA70B5D288725:3c2e070f-324e-492e-bb43-4cf1bc28567e2861:Perrin, W.F.; Wursig, Bernd G.; and1791:Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia646:. Reality of the creature so called429:Skeleton of a southern elephant seal8958:IUCN Red List least concern species4379:South African small-spotted genet (2445:Integrative and Comparative Biology1433:Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd;1082:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species9048:Fauna of the Prince Edward Islands2000:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1980.tb00102.x1916:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1981.tb03467.x1542:. New York: Sterling. p.61.918:) have hunted elephant seals near822:, various fish species, including576:and southern elephant seal pup at323:. It is the largest member of the14:

4723:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (2966:Elephant Seal Size & Behavior2908:"Southern elephant seals biology"2749:Saman Shafiq (22 December 2023).676:Social behaviour and reproduction562:. Some individuals also breed on465:. The record-sized bull, shot in2934:

2382:. Gulf Professional Publishing.2363:. Polar Biology, 21(5), 279–284.1825:South African Journal of Zoology1819:van Aarde, R.J. (January 1980).1231:

1046:

1032:

556:Marion and Prince Edward Islands337:, as well as the largest extant120:

2867:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals.2058:) reveal record-breaking dives"1416:London: Whittaker. p. 589068:Least concern biota of Oceania9023:Fauna of the Kerguelen Islands2914:. Elephant Seal Research Group2379:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals1838:10.1080/02541858.1980.114476941443:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals955:, or by national legislation.1:

9028:Fauna of the Campbell Islands8983:Fauna of subantarctic islands4135:Malabar large-spotted civet (2514:10.1016/S0399-1784(02)01212-42149:Australian Journal of Zoology1949:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.06.006983:Antarctic Circumpolar Current495:small veins surround arteries268:Southern elephant seal range9013:Mammals of Western Australia8397:Indonesian mountain weasel (8053:North American river otter (6941:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (3995:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii2960:Elephant Seal Research Group2085:10.1371/journal.pone.00926331866:Australian Wildlife Research1864:(L.), at Macquarie Island".1473:. Seal Conservation Society.684:Bull elephant seals fighting383:species originally described9063:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus9043:Fauna of the Crozet Islands9018:Mammals of Victoria (state)5258:Somalian slender mongoose (2242:Canadian Journal of Zoology1420:in Darwin's Beagle Library.953:UNESCO World Heritage Sites9091:

9003:Mammals of South Australia8998:Mammals of New South Wales8973:Pinnipeds of South America8211:Asian small-clawed otter (6950:American hog-nosed skunk (6932:Molina's hog-nosed skunk (5240:Angolan slender mongoose (4935:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (3984:Small-toothed palm civet (2272:, at King George Island".1394:Gray, John Edward (1827).922:, while bite marks from a709:Females (one giving birth)9058:Mammals described in 17588116:

8024:

7978:Saharan striped polecat (7949:

7846:

7664:

7423:

7408:

7395:

7117:

6959:Striped hog-nosed skunk (6865:

6852:

6788:

6690:Mediterranean monk seal (6685:

6533:

6498:

6419:Juan Fernández fur seal (6383:South American fur seal (6354:

6318:South American sea lion (6313:

6259:

6172:

6156:

5999:

5791:

5700:South American gray fox (5644:

5603:

5386:

5324:

5308:

5276:Common slender mongoose (5142:

5020:

4906:

4856:

4749:Narrow-striped mongoose (4744:

4694:

4622:

4518:

4460:

4456:

4443:

4407:

4271:Crested servaline genet (4097:

4060:

3970:

3897:

3884:

3673:

3619:

3394:

3185:

3165:

3112:

3095:

3080:

3064:

3026:

2898:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (2874:"Southern Elephant Seals"2851:, Southern Elephant Seal"2808:(Southern elephant seal)"2392:– via Google Books.2318:"Southern Elephant Seal (2296:10.1007/s00300-002-0408-52214:10.1007/s00300-002-0447-y2146:(Pinnipedia, Phocidae)".1698:10.1017/S09541020960003381536:Carwardine, Mark (2008).1398:. In Baron Cuvier (ed.).618:Colonies once existed in279:

272:

267:

258:

235:

228:

117:Scientific classification115:

98:

76:

67:

62:

53:

48:

39:

23:

8334:Stoat/Beringian ermine (8202:African clawless otter (7954:African striped weasel (7767:Yellow-throated marten (7643:Formosan ferret-badger (7347:Western mountain coati (7338:Eastern mountain coati (7255:Western lowland olingo (7237:Eastern lowland olingo (7065:Southern spotted skunk (6759:Southern elephant seal (6750:Northern elephant seal (6540:Pagophilus groenlandicus5317:("dog-like" carnivorans)5130:Stripe-necked mongoose (4751:Mungotictis decemlineata3626:Herpailurus yagouaroundi3073:("cat-like" carnivorans)2408:biology.st-andrews.ac.uk1467:"Southern Elephant Seal"1336:"Southern Elephant Seal"1274:The Marine Mammal Center1270:"Northern Elephant Seal"1244:Macrorhinus elephantinus1212:Macrorhinus elephantinus1071:Hofmeyr, G.J.G. (2015).966:impact of climate change784:Psychroteuthis glacialis297:Macrorhinus elephantinus63:Females (cows) and pups16:Species of marine mammal8968:Pinnipeds of Antarctica8379:Yellow-bellied weasel (7634:Burmese ferret-badger (7616:Chinese ferret-badger (7607:Bornean ferret badger (7598:Vietnam ferret-badger (7083:Eastern spotted skunk (7074:Western spotted skunk (6804:Leptonychotes weddellii6446:Subantarctic fur seal (6392:Australasian fur seal (5216:Black-footed mongoose (5198:Bushy-tailed mongoose (5147:White-tailed mongoose (5085:Indian brown mongoose (5067:Short-tailed mongoose (5058:Small Indian mongoose (4995:Flat-headed kusimanse (4968:Alexander's kusimanse (4944:Common dwarf mongoose (4911:Pousargues's mongoose (4773:Brown-tailed mongoose (4732:Grandidier's mongoose (3986:Arctogalidia trivirgata3210:Sunda clouded leopard (2573:10.1073/pnas.07011211041414:The animal kingdom etc.1412:e.g. Cuvier 1827-1835.1216:Museum Umlauff (1905).801:Histioteuthis eltaninae355:Mirounga angustirostris8978:Pinnipeds of Australia8220:Congo clawless otter (8123:Hydrictis maculicollis8121:Spotted-necked otter (8080:Southern river otter (8031:Pteronura brasiliensis7794:European pine marten (7305:South American coati (7033:Palawan stink badger (6359:New Zealand sea lion (5424:Japanese raccoon dog (5121:Crab-eating mongoose (5076:Indian grey mongoose (4699:Ring-tailed vontsira (4510:(bone-crushing hyenas)4205:Central African oyan (3766:Chinese mountain cat (2981:Southern elephant seal2955:Southern Elephant Seal2878:Wildlife of Antarctica1238:Distant, William Lucas1145:Linnæus, Carl (1758).979:Circumpolar Deep Water947:

924:southern sleeper shark916:Carcharodon carcharias743:

727:

710:

685:

628:Juan Fernández Islands596:

580:

528:

489:Like other seals, the452:Physeter macrocephalus435:northern elephant seal430:

410:established the genus351:northern elephant seal307:southern elephant seal24:Southern elephant seal8772:Paleobiology Database8460:Back-striped weasel (8406:Black-footed ferret (8178:Smooth-coated otter (7956:Poecilogale albinucha7625:Javan ferret-badger (7511:Sumatran hog badger (7493:Northern hog badger (7187:Crab-eating raccoon (7092:Pygmy spotted skunk (6813:Lobodon carcinophagus6549:Histriophoca fasciata6342:Australian sea lion (6288:California sea lion (6037:American black bear (5779:Black-backed jackal (5770:Side-striped jackal (5610:Chrysocyon brachyurus5034:Long-nosed mongoose (4307:Rusty-spotted genet (4144:Large-spotted civet (3993:Sulawesi palm civet (3922:Owston's palm civet (3496:Andean mountain cat (2983:on Sealife Collection1805:10.22352/AIP2022500031365:Wood, Gerald (1983).1242:"The "Sea-Elephant" (1176:Flower, William Henry1089:: e.T13583A45227247.945:

928:Somniosus antarcticus904:New Zealand sea lions741:

725:

708:

683:

642:and a beach in Lima,586:

572:

523:

428:

392:in the landmark 17588988:Mammals of Argentina8275:Long-tailed weasel (7853:Lyncodon patagonicus7502:Greater hog badger (7024:Sunda stink badger (6714:Hawaiian monk seal (6437:Guadalupe fur seal (6410:Antarctic fur seal (6401:Galápagos fur seal (6297:Galápagos sea lion (5415:Common raccoon dog (5267:Cape gray mongoose (5207:Jackson's mongoose (5167:Paracynictis selousi5158:Cynictis penicillata4782:Durrell's vontsira (4370:Giant forest genet (4162:Large Indian civet (4102:Small Indian civet (3711:Sunda leopard cat (3487:Southern tiger cat (3423:African golden cat (3100:African palm civet (2945:at Wikimedia Commons2812:Animal Diversity Web1490:Animal Diversity Web1171:Macrorhinus leoninus1118:"Appendices | CITES"578:South Georgia Island550:and the rest in the501:Range and population290:Macrorhinus leoninus9008:Mammals of Tasmania8318:M. aistoodonnivalis8154:Hairy-nosed otter (8071:Neotropical otter (7851:Patagonian weasel (7314:White-nosed coati (6514:Cystophora cristata6505:Erignathus barbatus6238:Northern fur seal (6015:Helarctos malayanus5651:Atelocynus microtis5358:U. cinereoargenteus5249:Egyptian mongoose (5176:Rhynchogale melleri5174:Meller's mongoose (5165:Selous's mongoose (5149:Ichneumia albicauda5103:Collared mongoose (4977:Angolan kusimanse (4861:Liberian mongoose (4214:West African oyan (4113:Civettictis civetta4044:Golden palm civet (4002:Masked palm civet (3977:Arctictis binturong3951:Hemigalus derbyanus3949:Banded palm civet (3940:Hose's palm civet (3729:Rusty-spotted cat (2631:2019ACMFE..29S.283G2564:2007PNAS..10413705B2558:(34): 13705–13710.2506:2002AcOc...25..255B2288:2002PoBio..25..739D2206:2003PoBio..26...27V2076:2014PLoSO...992633S2056:Ziphius cavirostris1690:1996AntSc...8..237B993:Notable individuals811:Gonatus antarcticus70:Conservation status8433:European polecat (8266:Colombian weasel (7916:(African polecats)7544:Caucasian badger (7472:(Eurasian badgers)6922:(hog-nosed skunks)6659:("southern seals")6558:Halichoerus grypus6489:("northern seals")6361:Phocarctos hookeri6266:Eumetopias jubatus6264:Steller sea lion (6046:Asian black bear (5796:African wild dog (5750:(wolf-like canids)5027:Atilax paludinosus4986:Common kusimanse (4913:Dologale dybowskii4885:Gambian mongoose (4669:Western falanouc (4660:Eastern falanouc (4629:Cryptoprocta ferox4534:Parahyaena brunnea4289:Johnston's genet (4244:Abyssinian genet (4196:(African linsangs)4104:Viverricula indica4035:Brown palm civet (4026:Asian palm civet (3933:Cynogale bennettii3924:Chrotogale owstoni3820:European wildcat (3811:Black-footed cat (3401:Leptailurus serval3369:Asian golden cat (3135:(Asiatic linsangs)2828:"Mirounga leonina"2458:10.1093/icb/icq0542328:on 26 October 20101903:Journal of Zoology1654:10.5597/lajam000861240:(September 1899).1214:see for instance:1173:see for instance:1040:Marine life portal948:

912:Great white sharks908:Phocarctos hookeri744:

728:

718:Feeding and diving711:

686:

597:

581:

529:

431:

8945:

8944:

8759:Open Tree of Life8497:Taxon identifiers8488:

8487:

8484:

8483:

8480:

8479:

8476:

8475:

8472:

8471:

8451:Siberian weasel (8442:American ermine (8370:Japanese weasel (8325:Mountain weasel (8309:

8232:

8231:

8018:

8003:

8002:

7999:

7998:

7987:Striped polecat (7937:Marbled polecat (7919:

7904:

7903:

7876:

7824:

7823:

7803:Japanese marten (7749:American marten (7742:

7600:M. cucphuongensis7591:

7574:

7573:

7562:European badger (7535:Japanese badger (7475:

7428:American badger (7391:

7390:

7387:

7386:

7363:

7362:

7359:

7358:

7287:

7246:Northern olingo (7230:

7205:Cozumel raccoon (7180:

7104:

7103:

7058:

7017:

6925:

6906:

6848:

6847:

6844:

6843:

6840:

6839:

6836:

6835:

6832:

6831:

6822:Ommatophoca rossi6795:Hydrurga leptonyx6782:

6779:(Antarctic seals)6752:M. angustirostris6743:

6726:

6725:

6692:Monachus monachus6679:

6662:

6647:

6646:

6643:

6642:

6492:

6475:

6458:

6457:

6320:Otaria flavescens6309:

6308:

6220:

6188:Odobenus rosmarus6152:

6151:

6148:

6147:

6144:

6143:

6140:

6139:

6103:

6080:

6079:

6076:

6075:

5978:Spectacled bear (5936:

5912:

5911:

5908:

5907:

5904:

5903:

5752:

5739:

5738:

5658:Crab-eating fox (5649:Short-eared dog (5597:

5582:

5569:

5568:

5451:

5393:Otocyon megalotis5337:

5304:

5303:

5300:

5299:

5296:

5295:

5292:

5291:

5288:

5287:

5156:Yellow mongoose (5007:

5006:

4894:Banded mongoose (4863:Liberiictus kuhni4817:

4798:

4797:

4794:

4793:

4681:

4680:

4607:

4576:

4575:

4572:

4571:

4568:

4567:

4512:

4473:

4439:

4438:

4435:

4434:

4431:

4430:

4403:

4402:

4399:

4398:

4395:

4394:

4391:

4390:

4343:Servaline genet (4262:Bourlon's genet (4237:

4198:

4174:

4173:

4056:

4055:

4028:P. hermaphroditus3880:

3879:

3876:

3875:

3872:

3871:

3848:

3847:

3844:

3843:

3840:

3839:

3836:

3835:

3832:

3831:

3793:African wildcat (3750:

3749:

3720:Flat-headed cat (3660:

3659:

3444:

3443:

3381:

3380:

3295:

3294:

3291:

3290:

3219:Clouded leopard (3178:

3153:Spotted linsang (3137:

3102:Nandinia binotata2939:Media related to2682:. 7 October 2005.2494:Oceanologica Acta2162:10.1071/ZO99105952015:Mammalian Species1878:10.1071/WR98103271678:Antarctic Science1635:M. angustirostris1582:10.7717/peerj.7151549:978-1-4027-5623-81522:978-0-691-12757-61452:978-0-12-373553-91380:978-0-85112-235-91297:Mammalian Species1256:4th series, vol 3932:Macquarie Islands900:Hydrurga leptonyx815:Martialia hyadesi649:Manatee of Helena630:off the coast of548:Kerguelen Islands526:Kerguelen Islands443:sexual dimorphism363:Odobenus rosmarus303:

302:

110:

93:

9080:

8993:Mammals of Chile8938:

8937:

8925:

8924:

8912:

8911:

8899:

8898:

8886:

8885:

8873:

8872:

8871:

8845:

8844:

8832:

8831:

8819:

8818:

8806:

8805:

8793:

8792:

8780:

8779:

8767:

8766:

8754:

8753:

8741:

8740:

8728:

8727:

8718:

8717:

8705:

8704:

8692:

8691:

8679:

8678:

8666:

8665:

8653:

8652:

8640:

8639:

8627:

8626:

8614:

8613:

8601:

8600:

8588:

8587:

8578:

8577:

8575:mirounga-leonina8565:

8564:

8562:Mirounga_leonina8552:

8551:

8549:Mirounga_leonina8539:

8538:

8537:

8535:Mirounga leonina8524:

8523:

8522:

8505:Mirounga leonina8492:

8424:Malayan weasel (8343:Steppe polecat (8316:Sichuan weasel (8308:

8307:

8303:

8243:

8180:L. perspicillata8145:Eurasian otter (8022:

8017:

8016:

8012:

7923:

7918:

7917:

7913:

7892:Greater grison (7875:

7874:

7870:

7844:

7835:

7785:Nilgiri marten (7758:Pacific marten (7741:

7740:

7736:

7662:

7645:M. subaurantiaca7590:

7589:

7588:(ferret-badgers)7585:

7479:

7474:

7473:

7469:

7421:

7410:

7397:

7291:

7286:

7285:

7281:

7229:

7228:

7224:

7179:

7178:

7174:

7115:

7057:

7056:

7055:(spotted skunks)7052:

7016:

7015:

7011:

6924:

6923:

6919:

6910:

6905:

6904:

6896:

6867:

6854:

6811:Crabeater seal (6786:

6781:

6780:

6776:

6742:

6741:

6740:(elephant seals)6737:

6716:N. schauinslandi6683:

6678:

6677:

6673:

6666:

6661:

6660:

6656:

6531:

6496:

6491:

6490:

6486:

6479:

6474:

6473:

6467:

6428:Brown fur seal (6403:A. galapagoensis6290:Z. californianus6257:

6224:

6219:

6218:

6204:

6174:

6166:

6158:

6102:

6101:

6097:

6091:

6006:Melursus ursinus5997:

5940:

5935:

5932:

5925:

5892:Ethiopian wolf (5756:

5751:

5748:

5601:

5596:

5593:

5586:

5581:

5578:

5467:Blanford's fox (5450:

5443:

5384:

5342:

5336:

5333:

5326:

5318:

5310:

5112:Ruddy mongoose (5094:Javan mongoose (5025:Marsh mongoose (5018:

4997:C. platycephalus4830:

4821:

4816:

4813:

4811:

4692:

4636:Malagasy civet (4620:

4611:

4606:

4601:

4594:

4589:

4516:

4511:

4508:

4477:

4472:

4469:

4462:

4458:

4445:

4409:

4236:

4233:

4197:

4194:

4185:

4095:

4091:

4080:

4075:

4062:

3968:

3910:

3899:

3886:

3680:Otocolobus manul3671:

3593:

3469:Geoffroy's cat (3392:

3322:

3313:

3308:

3196:

3187:

3183:

3177:

3174:

3167:

3144:Banded linsang (3136:

3133:

3125:

3114:

3093:

3082:

3074:

3066:

3011:

3004:

2997:

2988:

2967:

2942:Mirounga leonina2938:

2923:

2921:

2919:

2903:

2897:

2889:

2887:

2885:

2858:

2849:Mirounga leonina2842:

2840:

2838:

2823:

2821:

2819:

2806:Mirounga leonina2798:

2796:

2794:

2788:

2781:

2763:

2762:

2760:

2758:

2746:

2740:

2739:

2737:

2735:

2720:

2714:

2705:

2699:

2690:

2684:

2683:

2672:

2663:

2662:

2652:

2642:

2640:10.1002/aqc.31832610:

2604:

2603:

2593:

2575:

2543:

2537:

2536:

2524:

2518:

2517:

2485:

2479:

2478:

2460:

2451:(6): 1018–1030.2436:

2430:

2429:

2418:

2412:

2411:

2400:

2394:

2393:

2373:

2364:

2357:

2351:

2344:

2338:

2337:

2335:

2333:

2320:Mirounga leonina2314:

2308:

2307:

2270:Mirounga leonina2265:

2259:

2258:

2249:(5): 1007–1015.2237:Mirounga leonina2232:

2226:

2225:

2185:

2179:

2172:

2166:

2165:

2144:Mirounga leonina2139:

2133:

2132:

2130:

2128:

2122:

2114:

2108:

2107:

2097:

2087:

2049:

2043:

2042:

2010:

2004:

2003:

1982:Mirounga leonina1977:

1971:

1970:

1960:

1936:Animal Behaviour1926:

1920:

1919:

1898:Mirounga leonina1893:

1882:

1881:

1862:Mirounga leonina1857:

1851:

1850:

1840:

1816:

1810:

1809:

1807:

1781:

1775:

1771:

1762:

1752:

1746:

1743:

1737:

1736:

1724:

1718:

1717:

1673:

1667:

1666:

1656:

1631:Mirounga leonina1624:

1613:

1612:

1602:

1584:

1560:

1554:

1553:

1533:

1527:

1526:

1508:

1502:

1501:

1499:

1497:

1481:

1475:

1474:

1463:

1457:

1456:

1430:

1421:

1410:

1404:

1403:

1391:

1385:

1384:

1372:

1362:

1351:

1350:

1348:

1346:

1332:

1326:

1325:

1291:

1285:

1284:

1282:

1280:

1266:

1260:

1259:

1235:

1229:

1208:

1202:

1201:

1199:

1197:

1167:

1161:

1160:

1158:

1156:

1142:

1133:

1132:

1130:

1128:

1114:

1108:

1107:

1105:

1103:

1098:

1075:Mirounga leonina1068:

1056:

1051:

1050:

1042:

1037:

1036:

1035:

862:Channichthyidsae781:species such as613:Macquarie Island564:Amsterdam Island541:Valdes Peninsula537:Falkland Islands463:Macquarie Island408:John Edward Gray315:) is one of two312:Mirounga leonina294:

286:

263:

241:

239:Mirounga leonina125:

124:

104:

87:

82:

81:

58:

44:

27:Temporal range:21:

9090:

9089:

9083:

9082:

9081:

9079:

9078:

9077:

8948:

8947:

8946:

8941:

8933:

8928:

8920:

8915:

8907:

8902:

8894:

8889:

8881:

8876:

8867:

8866:

8861:

8848:

8840:

8835:

8827:

8822:

8814:

8809:

8801:

8796:

8788:

8783:

8775:

8770:

8762:

8757:

8749:

8744:

8736:

8733:Observation.org8731:

8723:

8721:

8713:

8708:

8700:

8695:

8687:

8682:

8674:

8669:

8661:

8656:

8648:

8643:

8635:

8630:

8622:

8617:

8609:

8604:

8596:

8591:

8583:

8581:

8573:

8568:

8560:

8555:

8547:

8542:

8533:

8532:

8527:

8518:

8517:

8512:

8499:

8489:

8468:

8444:M. richardsonii8388:European mink (8305:

8304:

8302:

8292:

8284:American mink (8257:Amazon weasel (8228:

8186:

8162:

8129:

8112:

8088:

8037:

8014:

8013:

8011:

7995:

7962:

7945:

7915:

7914:

7912:

7900:

7883:Lesser grison (7872:

7871:

7869:

7859:

7820:

7738:

7737:

7735:

7725:

7701:

7677:

7651:

7587:

7586:

7584:

7570:

7519:

7471:

7470:

7468:

7460:

7436:

7417:

7404:

7383:

7355:

7322:

7283:

7282:

7280:

7272:

7226:

7225:

7223:

7213:

7176:

7175:

7173:

7163:

7130:

7100:

7067:S. angustifrons7054:

7053:

7051:

7041:

7014:(stink badgers)7013:

7012:

7010:

7000:

6992:Striped skunk (6967:

6961:C. semistriatus6921:

6920:

6918:

6898:

6897:

6895:

6887:

6881:Ailurus fulgens6861:

6828:

6778:

6777:

6775:

6767:

6739:

6738:

6736:

6722:

6698:

6675:

6674:

6672:

6658:

6657:

6655:

6639:

6597:

6564:

6520:

6488:

6487:

6485:

6471:

6469:

6468:

6466:

6454:

6367:

6350:

6326:

6305:

6272:

6246:

6213:

6208:

6206:

6205:

6203:

6199:

6194:

6168:

6164:

6136:

6116:

6099:

6098:

6072:

6021:

5986:

5962:

5933:

5931:

5921:

5900:

5829:Golden jackal (5813:

5787:

5749:

5747:

5735:

5666:

5660:Cerdocyon thous5640:

5616:

5594:

5592:

5579:

5577:

5565:

5530:Rüppell's fox (5444:

5442:

5432:

5417:N. procyonoides5399:

5391:Bat-eared fox (5373:

5338:

5334:

5320:

5316:

5284:

5269:H. pulverulenta5224:

5182:

5138:

5105:U. semitorquata5060:U. auropunctata5042:

5003:

4952:

4919:

4902:

4869:

4852:

4814:

4812:

4807:

4806:

4790:

4757:

4740:

4707:

4701:Galidia elegans4677:

4644:

4604:

4602:

4600:

4590:

4585:

4564:

4556:Spotted hyena (4540:

4523:Striped hyena (4509:

4507:

4499:

4470:

4468:

4452:

4427:

4387:

4325:Aquatic genet (4316:Pardine genet (4253:Angolan genet (4234:

4232:

4222:

4207:P. richardsonii4195:

4193:

4170:

4153:Malayan civet (4119:

4111:African civet (4087:

4086:

4076:

4071:

4070:

4066:

4052:

4010:

3957:

3942:Diplogale hosei3906:

3893:

3868:

3828:

3746:

3686:

3666:

3656:

3632:

3615:

3588:

3582:

3556:Eurasian lynx (3531:

3440:

3407:

3387:

3377:

3344:

3317:

3309:

3304:

3287:

3227:

3179:

3175:

3161:

3134:

3121:

3108:

3089:

3076:

3072:

3060:

3022:

3015:

2965:

2931:

2926:

2917:

2915:

2906:

2890:

2883:

2881:

2872:

2845:

2836:

2834:

2826:

2817:

2815:

2801:

2792:

2790:

2786:

2779:

2775:

2771:

2766:

2756:

2754:

2748:

2747:

2743:

2733:

2731:

2722:

2721:

2717:

2708:Minzao Volume 22706:

2702:

2693:Minazo Volume 12691:

2687:

2680:The Japan Times2674:

2673:

2666:

2625:(S1): 283–304.2612:

2611:

2607:

2545:

2544:

2540:

2526:

2525:

2521:

2487:

2486:

2482:

2438:

2437:

2433:

2420:

2419:

2415:

2402:

2401:

2397:

2390:

2375:

2374:

2367:

2358:

2354:

2345:

2341:

2331:

2329:

2316:

2315:

2311:

2282:(10): 739–743.2267:

2266:

2262:

2255:10.1139/z92-1432234:

2233:

2229:

2187:

2186:

2182:

2173:

2169:

2141:

2140:

2136:

2126:

2124:

2120:

2116:

2115:

2111:

2051:

2050:

2046:

2023:10.2307/35041692012:

2011:

2007:

1979:

1978:

1974:

1928:

1927:

1923:

1895:

1894:

1885:

1859:

1858:

1854:

1818:

1817:

1813:

1783:

1782:

1778:

1772:

1765:

1753:

1749:

1744:

1740:

1726:

1725:

1721:

1675:

1674:

1670:

1626:

1625:

1616:

1562:

1561:

1557:

1550:

1535:

1534:

1530:

1523:

1510:

1509:

1505:

1495:

1493:

1483:

1482:

1478:

1465:

1464:

1460:

1453:

1439:"Earless Seals"1432:

1431:

1424:

1411:

1407:

1393:

1392:

1388:

1381:

1364:

1363:

1354:

1344:

1342:

1334:

1333:

1329:

1306:10.2307/35038101293:

1292:

1288:

1278:

1276:

1268:

1267:

1263:

1236:

1215:

1209:

1205:

1195:

1193:

1174:

1168:

1164:

1154:

1152:

1144:

1143:

1136:

1126:

1124:

1116:

1115:

1111:

1101:

1099:

1070:

1069:

1062:

1052:

1045:

1038:

1033:

1031:

1028:

995:

961:

940:

920:Campbell Island888:

767:bioluminescence720:

678:

673:

503:

491:vascular system423:

399:Systema Naturae379:

295:

292:

288:

284:

254:

243:

237:

224:

221:M.leonina119:

111:

94:

83:

79:

72:

35:

25:

17:

12:

11:

5:

9088:

9087:

9084:

9076:

9075:

9070:

9065:

9060:

9055:

9050:

9045:

9040:

9035:

9030:

9025:

9020:

9015:

9010:

9005:

9000:

8995:

8990:

8985:

8980:

8975:

8970:

8965:

8960:

8950:

8949:

8943:

8942:

8940:

8939:

8926:

8913:

8900:

8887:

8874:

8858:

8856:

8850:

8849:

8847:

8846:

8833:

8820:

8807:

8794:

8781:

8768:

8755:

8742:

8729:

8719:

8706:

8693:

8680:

8667:

8654:

8641:

8628:

8615:

8602:

8589:

8579:

8566:

8553:

8540:

8525:

8509:

8507:

8501:

8500:

8495:

8486:

8485:

8482:

8481:

8478:

8477:

8474:

8473:

8470:

8469:

8467:

8466:

8462:M. strigidorsa8457:

8448:

8439:

8430:

8421:

8415:Least weasel (8412:

8403:

8394:

8385:

8376:

8367:

8361:Haida ermine (8358:

8349:

8345:M. eversmannii8340:

8331:

8322:

8312:

8310:

8294:

8293:

8291:

8290:

8281:

8272:

8263:

8253:

8251:

8240:

8234:

8233:

8230:

8229:

8227:

8226:

8217:

8208:

8198:

8196:

8188:

8187:

8185:

8184:

8174:

8172:

8164:

8163:

8161:

8160:

8151:

8141:

8139:

8131:

8130:

8128:

8127:

8117:

8114:

8113:

8111:

8110:

8100:

8098:

8090:

8089:

8087:

8086:

8077:

8073:L. longicaudis8068:

8062:Marine otter (8059:

8049:

8047:

8039:

8038:

8036:

8035:

8025:

8019:

8005:

8004:

8001:

8000:

7997:

7996:

7994:

7993:

7984:

7974:

7972:

7964:

7963:

7961:

7960:

7950:

7947:

7946:

7944:

7943:

7933:

7931:

7920:

7906:

7905:

7902:

7901:

7899:

7898:

7889:

7879:

7877:

7861:

7860:

7858:

7857:

7847:

7841:

7832:

7826:

7825:

7822:

7821:

7819:

7818:

7809:

7800:

7791:

7782:

7776:Beech marten (7773:

7764:

7755:

7745:

7743:

7727:

7726:

7724:

7723:

7713:

7711:

7703:

7702:

7700:

7699:

7689:

7687:

7679:

7678:

7676:

7675:

7665:

7659:

7653:

7652:

7650:

7649:

7640:

7631:

7622:

7613:

7604:

7594:

7592:

7576:

7575:

7572:

7571:

7569:

7568:

7559:

7553:Asian badger (7550:

7541:

7531:

7529:

7521:

7520:

7518:

7517:

7508:

7499:

7495:A. albogularis7489:

7487:

7476:

7462:

7461:

7459:

7458:

7452:Honey badger (7448:

7446:

7438:

7437:

7435:

7434:

7424:

7418:

7413:

7406:

7405:

7400:

7393:

7392:

7389:

7388:

7385:

7384:

7382:

7381:

7380:

7379:

7373:

7371:

7365:

7364:

7361:

7360:

7357:

7356:

7354:

7353:

7344:

7334:

7332:

7324:

7323:

7321:

7320:

7311:

7301:

7299:

7288:

7274:

7273:

7271:

7270:

7261:

7252:

7243:

7233:

7231:

7215:

7214:

7212:

7211:

7202:

7193:

7189:P. cancrivorus7183:

7181:

7165:

7164:

7162:

7161:

7157:B. sumichrasti7152:

7142:

7140:

7132:

7131:

7129:

7128:

7118:

7112:

7106:

7105:

7102:

7101:

7099:

7098:

7089:

7080:

7071:

7061:

7059:

7043:

7042:

7040:

7039:

7030:

7020:

7018:

7002:

7001:

6999:

6998:

6989:

6983:Hooded skunk (6979:

6977:

6969:

6968:

6966:

6965:

6956:

6947:

6938:

6928:

6926:

6907:

6889:

6888:

6886:

6885:

6875:

6873:

6863:

6862:

6857:

6850:

6849:

6846:

6845:

6842:

6841:

6838:

6837:

6834:

6833:

6830:

6829:

6827:

6826:

6817:

6808:

6802:Weddell seal (6799:

6793:Leopard seal (6789:

6783:

6769:

6768:

6766:

6765:

6756:

6746:

6744:

6728:

6727:

6724:

6723:

6721:

6720:

6710:

6708:

6700:

6699:

6697:

6696:

6686:

6680:

6663:

6649:

6648:

6645:

6644:

6641:

6640:

6638:

6637:

6628:

6619:

6613:Caspian seal (6609:

6607:

6599:

6598:

6596:

6595:

6586:

6580:Spotted seal (6576:

6574:

6566:

6565:

6563:

6562:

6553:

6544:

6534:

6528:

6522:

6521:

6519:

6518:

6509:

6503:Bearded seal (6499:

6493:

6476:

6472:or true seals)6470:(earless seals6460:

6459:

6456:

6455:

6453:

6452:

6443:

6434:

6425:

6416:

6407:

6398:

6389:

6379:

6377:

6369:

6368:

6366:

6365:

6355:

6352:

6351:

6349:

6348:

6338:

6336:

6328:

6327:

6325:

6324:

6314:

6311:

6310:

6307:

6306:

6304:

6303:

6294:

6284:

6282:

6274:

6273:

6271:

6270:

6260:

6254:

6248:

6247:

6245:

6244:

6234:

6232:

6221:

6196:

6195:

6193:

6192:

6182:

6180:

6170:

6169:

6161:

6154:

6153:

6150:

6149:

6146:

6145:

6142:

6141:

6138:

6137:

6135:

6134:

6133:

6132:

6126:

6124:

6118:

6117:

6115:

6114:

6113:

6112:

6106:

6104:

6088:

6082:

6081:

6078:

6077:

6074:

6073:

6071:

6070:

6061:

6052:

6043:

6033:

6031:

6023:

6022:

6020:

6019:

6010:

6000:

5994:

5988:

5987:

5985:

5984:

5974:

5972:

5964:

5963:

5961:

5960:

5956:A. melanoleuca5950:

5948:

5937:

5922:

5917:

5914:

5913:

5910:

5909:

5906:

5905:

5902:

5901:

5899:

5898:

5889:

5880:

5874:Eastern wolf (5871:

5862:

5856:African wolf (5853:

5844:

5838:Domestic dog (5835:

5825:

5823:

5815:

5814:

5812:

5811:

5802:

5792:

5789:

5788:

5786:

5785:

5776:

5766:

5764:

5753:

5741:

5740:

5737:

5736:

5734:

5733:

5724:

5718:Sechuran fox (5715:

5711:L. gymnocercus5706:

5697:

5691:Darwin's fox (5688:

5678:

5676:

5668:

5667:

5665:

5664:

5655:

5645:

5642:

5641:

5639:

5638:

5628:

5626:

5618:

5617:

5615:

5614:

5604:

5598:

5583:

5571:

5570:

5567:

5566:

5564:

5563:

5554:

5545:

5536:

5527:

5518:

5509:

5500:

5491:

5482:

5473:

5464:

5460:V. bengalensis5454:

5452:

5434:

5433:

5431:

5430:

5421:

5411:

5409:

5401:

5400:

5398:

5397:

5387:

5381:

5375:

5374:

5372:

5371:

5362:

5352:

5350:

5339:

5329:

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5313:

5306:

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5301:

5298:

5297:

5294:

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5290:

5289:

5286:

5285:

5283:

5282:

5273:

5264:

5255:

5246:

5236:

5234:

5226:

5225:

5223:

5222:

5213:

5204:

5200:B. crassicauda5194:

5192:

5184:

5183:

5181:

5180:

5171:

5162:

5153:

5143:

5140:

5139:

5137:

5136:

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5118:

5109:

5100:

5091:

5082:

5073:

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5021:

5015:

5009:

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5004:

5002:

5001:

4992:

4983:

4974:

4964:

4962:

4954:

4953:

4951:

4950:

4941:

4931:

4929:

4921:

4920:

4918:

4917:

4907:

4904:

4903:

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4900:

4891:

4881:

4879:

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4851:

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4827:

4818:

4800:

4799:

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4792:

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4788:

4779:

4769:

4767:

4759:

4758:

4756:

4755:

4745:

4742:

4741:

4739:

4738:

4734:G. grandidieri4729:

4719:

4717:

4709:

4708:

4706:

4705:

4695:

4689:

4683:

4682:

4679:

4678:

4676:

4675:

4666:

4656:

4654:

4646:

4645:

4643:

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4633:

4623:

4617:

4608:

4591:

4581:

4578:

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4569:

4566:

4565:

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4538:

4529:

4519:

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4501:

4500:

4498:

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4485:

4474:

4454:

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4386:

4385:

4376:

4367:

4358:

4349:

4340:

4331:

4322:

4313:

4304:

4298:Letaba genet (4295:

4286:

4280:Common genet (4277:

4268:

4259:

4250:

4240:

4238:

4224:

4223:

4221:

4220:

4211:

4201:

4199:

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4159:

4150:

4141:

4131:

4129:

4121:

4120:

4118:

4117:

4108:

4098:

4092:

4077:

4065:

4058:

4057:

4054:

4053:

4051:

4050:

4046:P. zeylonensis4041:

4032:

4022:

4020:

4012:

4011:

4009:

4008:

4004:Paguma larvata3999:

3990:

3981:

3971:

3965:

3959:

3958:

3956:

3955:

3946:

3937:

3928:

3918:

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3834:

3833:

3830:

3829:

3827:

3826:

3817:

3808:

3799:

3790:

3781:

3775:Domestic cat (3772:

3762:

3760:

3752:

3751:

3748:

3747:

3745:

3744:

3735:

3731:P. rubiginosus3726:

3717:

3708:

3704:P. bengalensis3698:

3696:

3688:

3687:

3685:

3684:

3678:Pallas's cat (3674:

3668:

3662:

3661:

3658:

3657:

3655:

3654:

3644:

3642:

3634:

3633:

3631:

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3617:

3616:

3614:

3613:

3603:

3601:

3590:

3584:

3583:

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3580:

3571:

3565:Iberian lynx (3562:

3553:

3543:

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3533:

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3502:

3493:

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3297:

3296:

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3292:

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3276:

3267:

3258:

3249:

3243:Snow leopard (3239:

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3229:

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3216:

3206:

3204:

3193:

3180:

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3056:Laurasiatheria3052:

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3040:

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3027:

3024:

3023:

3016:

3014:

3013:

3006:

2999:

2991:

2985:

2984:

2977:

2962:

2957:

2952:

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2930:

2929:External links2927:

2925:

2924:

2912:Elephant seals2904:

2870:

2859:

2843:

2824:

2799:

2789:on 3 June 20112772:

2770:

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2500:(5): 255–266.2480:

2431:

2413:

2395:

2388:

2365:

2352:

2339:

2309:

2260:

2227:

2180:

2167:

2156:(5): 595–619.2134:

2109:

2044:

2005:

1994:(1): 133–150.1972:

1943:(3): 445–451.1921:

1910:(3): 295–310.1883:

1872:(2): 327–334.1852:

1811:

1794:(in Spanish).1776:

1763:

1761:, 42, 433-440.1747:

1738:

1719:

1684:(3): 237–244.1668:

1614:

1555:

1548:

1539:Animal Records1528:

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1503:

1476:

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1405:

1386:

1379:

1352:

1327:

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1134:

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1054:Mammals portal1043:

1027:

1024:

994:

991:

987:Southern Ocean960:

959:Climate change957:

939:

936:

887:

884:

845:Lepidonotothen719:

716:

677:

674:

672:

669:

661:Caicura Islets552:Crozet Islands502:

499:

467:Possession Bay422:

419:

378:

375:

341:that is not a321:elephant seals301:

300:

277:

276:

270:

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9053:Île Amsterdam9051:

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8864:

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8859:

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8855:

8854:Phoca leonina8851:

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8431:

8429:

8427:

8422:

8420:

8418:

8413:

8411:

8409:

8404:

8402:

8400:

8399:M. lutreolina8395:

8393:

8391:

8386:

8384:

8382:

8377:

8375:

8373:

8368:

8366:

8364:

8359:

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8280:

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8264:

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8260:

8255:

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8085:

8083:

8078:

8076:

8074:

8069:

8067:

8065:

8060:

8058:

8056:

8055:L. canadensis8051:

8050:

8048:

8046:

8045:

8040:

8034:

8032:

8029:Giant otter (8027:

8026:

8023:

8020:

8010:

8006:

7992:

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7827:

7817:

7815:

7810:

7808:

7806:

7801:

7799:

7797:

7792:

7790:

7788:

7787:M. gwatkinsii7783:

7781:

7779:

7774:

7772:

7770:

7765:

7763:

7761:

7756:

7754:

7752:

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7709:

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7688:

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7674:

7672:

7667:

7666:

7663:

7660:

7658:

7654:

7648:

7646:

7641:

7639:

7637:

7632:

7630:

7628:

7627:M. orientalis7623:

7621:

7619:

7614:

7612:

7610:

7605:

7603:

7601:

7596:

7595:

7593:

7583:

7582:

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7567:

7565:

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7556:

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7542:

7540:

7538:

7533:

7532:

7530:

7528:

7527:

7522:

7516:

7514:

7509:

7507:

7505:

7500:

7498:

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7491:

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7486:

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7467:

7463:

7457:

7455:

7450:

7449:

7447:

7445:

7444:

7439:

7433:

7431:

7430:Taxidea taxus7426:

7425:

7422:

7419:

7416:

7411:

7407:

7403:

7398:

7394:

7377:

7376:

7375:

7374:

7372:

7370:

7366:

7352:

7350:

7345:

7343:

7341:

7340:N. meridensis7336:

7335:

7333:

7331:

7330:

7325:

7319:

7317:

7312:

7310:

7308:

7303:

7302:

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7260:

7258:

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7232:

7222:

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7216:

7210:

7208:

7203:

7201:

7199:

7194:

7192:

7190:

7185:

7184:

7182:

7172:

7171:

7166:

7160:

7158:

7153:

7151:

7149:

7144:

7143:

7141:

7139:

7138:

7133:

7127:

7125:

7120:

7119:

7116:

7113:

7111:

7107:

7097:

7095:

7090:

7088:

7086:

7081:

7079:

7077:

7072:

7070:

7068:

7063:

7062:

7060:

7050:

7049:

7044:

7038:

7036:

7031:

7029:

7027:

7026:M. javanensis7022:

7021:

7019:

7009:

7008:

7003:

6997:

6995:

6990:

6988:

6986:

6981:

6980:

6978:

6976:

6975:

6970:

6964:

6962:

6957:

6955:

6953:

6952:C. leuconotus6948:

6946:

6944:

6943:C. humboldtii6939:

6937:

6935:

6930:

6929:

6927:

6917:

6916:

6911:

6908:

6902:

6894:

6890:

6884:

6882:

6877:

6876:

6874:

6872:

6868:

6864:

6860:

6855:

6851:

6825:

6823:

6818:

6816:

6814:

6809:

6807:

6805:

6800:

6798:

6796:

6791:

6790:

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6784:

6774:

6770:

6764:

6762:

6757:

6755:

6753:

6748:

6747:

6745:

6735:

6734:

6729:

6719:

6717:

6712:

6711:

6709:

6707:

6706:

6701:

6695:

6693:

6688:

6687:

6684:

6681:

6671:

6667:

6664:

6654:

6650:

6636:

6634:

6631:Baikal seal (6629:

6627:

6625:

6622:Ringed seal (6620:

6618:

6616:

6611:

6610:

6608:

6606:

6605:

6600:

6594:

6592:

6589:Harbor seal (6587:

6585:

6583:

6578:

6577:

6575:

6573:

6572:

6567:

6561:

6559:

6554:

6552:

6550:

6547:Ribbon seal (6545:

6543:

6541:

6536:

6535:

6532:

6529:

6527:

6523:

6517:

6515:

6512:Hooded seal (6510:

6508:

6506:

6501:

6500:

6497:

6494:

6484:

6480:

6477:

6465:

6461:

6451:

6449:

6448:A. tropicalis6444:

6442:

6440:

6435:

6433:

6431:

6426:

6424:

6422:

6417:

6415:

6413:

6408:

6406:

6404:

6399:

6397:

6395:

6390:

6388:

6386:

6381:

6380:

6378:

6376:

6375:

6374:Arctocephalus6370:

6364:

6362:

6357:

6356:

6353:

6347:

6345:

6340:

6339:

6337:

6335:

6334:

6329:

6323:

6321:

6316:

6315:

6312:

6302:

6300:

6299:Z. wollebaeki6295:

6293:

6291:

6286:

6285:

6283:

6281:

6280:

6275:

6269:

6267:

6262:

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6258:

6255:

6253:

6249:

6243:

6241:

6236:

6235:

6233:

6231:

6230:

6225:

6222:

6216:

6211:

6207:(eared seals:6202:

6197:

6191:

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6184:

6183:

6181:

6179:

6175:

6171:

6167:

6159:

6155:

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6123:

6119:

6110:

6109:

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6107:

6105:

6096:

6092:

6089:

6087:

6083:

6069:

6067:

6062:

6060:

6058:

6053:

6051:

6049:

6048:U. thibetanus6044:

6042:

6040:

6039:U. americanus6035:

6034:

6032:

6030:

6029:

6024:

6018:

6016:

6011:

6009:

6007:

6002:

6001:

5998:

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5993:

5989:

5983:

5981:

5976:

5975:

5973:

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5970:

5965:

5959:

5957:

5954:Giant panda (5952:

5951:

5949:

5947:

5946:

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5938:

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5926:

5923:

5920:

5915:

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5886:

5881:

5879:

5877:

5872:

5870:

5868:

5863:

5861:

5859:

5854:

5852:

5850:

5845:

5843:

5841:

5840:C. familiaris5836:

5834:

5832:

5827:

5826:

5824:

5822:

5821:

5816:

5810:

5808:

5803:

5801:

5799:

5798:Lycaon pictus5794:

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5790:

5784:

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5768:

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5528:

5526:

5524:

5519:

5517:

5515:

5510:

5508:

5506:

5501:

5499:

5497:

5494:Tibetan fox (5492:

5490:

5488:

5483:

5481:

5479:

5474:

5472:

5470:

5465:

5463:

5461:

5456:

5455:

5453:

5448:

5441:

5440:

5435:

5429:

5427:

5426:N. viverrinus5422:

5420:

5418:

5413:

5412:

5410:

5408:

5407:

5402:

5396:

5394:

5389:

5388:

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5382:

5380:

5376:

5370:

5368:

5367:U. littoralis5363:

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5359:

5354:

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5340:

5332:

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5274:

5272:

5270:

5265:

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5256:

5254:

5252:

5247:

5245:

5243:

5242:H. flavescens5238:

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5232:

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5214:

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5210:

5205:

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5163:

5161:

5159:

5154:

5152:

5150:

5145:

5144:

5141:

5135:

5133:

5132:U. vitticolla5128:

5126:

5124:

5119:

5117:

5115:

5110:

5108:

5106:

5101:

5099:

5097:

5092:

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5065:

5063:

5061:

5056:

5055:

5053:

5051:

5050:

5045:

5039:

5037:

5036:Xenogale naso5032:

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5028:

5023:

5022:

5019:

5016:

5014:

5010:

5000:

4998:

4993:

4991:

4989:

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4955:

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4932:

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4916:

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4909:

4908:

4905:

4899:

4897:

4892:

4890:

4888:

4883:

4882:

4880:

4878:

4877:

4872:

4866:

4864:

4859:

4858:

4855:

4849:

4847:

4842:

4841:

4839:

4837:

4836:

4831:

4828:

4826:

4822:

4819:

4810:

4809:sensu stricto4805:

4801:

4787:

4785:

4780:

4778:

4776:

4771:

4770:

4768:

4766:

4765:

4760:

4754:

4752:

4747:

4746:

4743:

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4735:

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4704:

4702:

4697:

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4667:

4665:

4663:

4658:

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4653:

4652:

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4638:Fossa fossana4634:

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4625:

4624:

4621:

4618:

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4609:

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4584:

4579:

4561:

4559:

4554:

4553:

4551:

4549:

4548:

4543:

4537:

4535:

4532:Brown hyena (4530:

4528:

4526:

4525:Hyaena hyaena4521:

4520:

4517:

4514:

4506:

4502:

4496:

4494:

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4463:

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4455:

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4384:

4382:

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4366:

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4352:Hausa genet (4350:

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4341:

4339:

4337:

4332:

4330:

4328:

4323:

4321:

4319:

4314:

4312:

4310:

4305:

4303:

4301:

4296:

4294:

4292:

4287:

4285:

4283:

4278:

4276:

4274:

4269:

4267:

4265:

4260:

4258:

4256:

4255:G. angolensis4251:

4249:

4247:

4246:G. abyssinica4242:

4241:

4239:

4231:

4230:

4225:

4219:

4217:

4212:

4210:

4208:

4203:

4202:

4200:

4192:

4191:

4186:

4183:

4181:

4177:

4167:

4165:

4160:

4158:

4156:

4155:V. tangalunga4151:

4149:

4147:

4142:

4140:

4138:

4133:

4132:

4130:

4128:

4127:

4122:

4116:

4114:

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4107:

4105:

4100:

4099:

4096:

4093:

4090:

4089:sensu stricto4085:

4081:

4078:

4074:

4069:

4063:

4059:

4049:

4047:

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4040:

4038:

4033:

4031:

4029:

4024:

4023:

4021:

4019:

4018:

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4005:

4000:

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3996:

3991:

3989:

3987:

3982:

3980:

3978:

3973:

3972:

3969:

3966:

3964:

3963:Paradoxurinae3960:

3954:

3952:

3947:

3945:

3943:

3938:

3936:

3934:

3931:Otter civet (3929:

3927:

3925:

3920:

3919:

3917:

3915:

3911:

3908:

3905:

3900:

3896:

3892:

3887:

3883:

3862:

3861:

3860:

3859:

3857:

3855:

3851:

3825:

3823:

3822:F. silvestris3818:

3816:

3814:

3809:

3807:

3805:

3800:

3798:

3796:

3791:

3789:

3787:

3782:

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3778:

3773:

3771:

3769:

3764:

3763:

3761:

3759:

3758:

3753:

3743:

3741:

3740:P. viverrinus3738:Fishing cat (3736:

3734:

3732:

3727:

3725:

3723:

3718:

3716:

3714:

3713:P. javanensis3709:

3707:

3705:

3702:Leopard cat (3700:

3699:

3697:

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3683:

3681:

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3641:

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3600:

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3579:

3577:

3572:

3570:

3568:

3563:

3561:

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3554:

3552:

3550:

3549:L. canadensis3547:Canada lynx (3545:

3544:

3542:

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3539:

3534:

3528:

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3416:

3415:

3410:

3404:

3402:

3397:

3396:

3393:

3390:

3384:

3374:

3372:

3371:C. temminckii3367:

3365:

3363:

3358:

3357:

3355:

3353:

3352:

3347:

3341:

3339:

3336:Marbled cat (3334:

3333:

3331:

3329:

3328:

3323:

3320:

3314:

3311:

3307:

3306:sensu stricto3303:

3298:

3284:

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3259:

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3197:

3194:

3192:

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3184:

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3173:

3168:

3164:

3158:

3156:

3155:P. pardicolor3151:

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8030:

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7967:

7955:

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7893:

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7864:

7852:

7839:Lyncodontini7830:Ictonychinae7814:M. zibellina7813:

7804:

7795:

7786:

7777:

7769:M. flavigula7768:

7759:

7751:M. americana7750:

7730:

7718:

7706:

7694:

7682:

7671:Eira barbara7670:

7644:

7636:M. personata7635:

7626:

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7599:

7579:

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7554:

7546:M. canescens7545:

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7524:

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7218:

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6821:

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6731:

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6676:(monk seals)6632:

6623:

6614:

6602:

6590:

6581:

6569:

6557:

6548:

6539:

6513:

6504:

6447:

6439:A. townsendi6438:

6429:

6421:A. philippii6420:

6411:

6402:

6393:

6385:A. australis6384:

6372:

6360:

6343:

6331:

6319:

6298:

6289:

6277:

6265:

6239:

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6187:

6066:U. maritimus6065:

6064:Polar bear (6056:

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6038:

6026:

6014:

6005:

6004:Sloth bear (5979:

5967:

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5943:

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5884:

5875:

5866:

5857:

5848:

5839:

5830:

5818:

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5771:

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5728:

5719:

5710:

5709:Pampas fox (5701:

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5650:

5634:S. venaticus5633:

5621:

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5557:Fennec fox (5549:

5540:

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5522:

5513:

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5468:

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5404:

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5259:

5251:H. ichneumon5250:

5241:

5229:

5217:

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5148:

5131:

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5059:

5047:

5035:

5026:

4996:

4987:

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4957:

4945:

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4924:

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4887:M. gambianus4886:

4874:

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4808:

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4335:

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4317:

4308:

4299:

4291:G. johnstoni4290:

4281:

4272:

4263:

4254:

4245:

4227:

4216:P. leightoni4215:

4206:

4188:

4163:

4154:

4146:V. megaspila4145:

4137:V. civettina4136:

4124:

4112:

4103:

4088:

4072:

4045:

4036:

4027:

4015:

4003:

3994:

3985:

3976:

3950:

3941:

3932:

3923:

3821:

3812:

3804:F. margarita3803:

3794:

3785:

3784:Jungle cat (3776:

3767:

3755:

3739:

3730:

3722:P. planiceps3721:

3712:

3703:

3693:Prionailurus3691:

3679:

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3524:

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3506:

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3488:

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3461:

3460:Pampas cat (3449:

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3370:

3361:

3349:

3338:P. marmorata3337:

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3305:

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3262:

3253:

3244:

3232:

3220:

3211:

3199:

3154:

3145:

3128:

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49:Male (bull)18:

8785:SeaLifeBase8632:iNaturalist8529:Wikispecies8453:M. sibirica8435:M. putorius8408:M. nigripes8390:M. lutreola8363:M. haidarum8259:N. africana8222:A. congicus8213:A. cinereus8204:A. capensis8104:Sea otter (8082:L. provocax7989:I. striatus7910:Ictonychini7805:M. melampus7717:Wolverine (7695:P. pennanti7618:M. moschata7609:M. everetti7555:M. leucurus7513:A. hoevenii7504:A. collaris7454:M. capensis7349:N. olivacea7264:Olinguito (7220:Bassaricyon7207:P. pygmaeus7137:Bassariscus7110:Procyonidae7085:S. putorius7076:S. gracilis6994:M. mephitis6985:M. macroura6879:Red panda (6859:Musteloidea6820:Ross seal (6773:Lobodontini6705:Neomonachus6633:P. sibirica6591:P. vitulina6556:Grey seal (6538:Harp seal (6430:A. pusillus6394:A. forsteri6229:Callorhinus6163:Pinnipedia6122:Musteloidea5894:C. simensis5858:C. lupaster5727:Hoary fox (5720:L. sechurae5693:L. fulvipes5684:L. culpaeus5580:(true dogs)5539:Swift fox (5514:V. macrotis5406:Nyctereutes5315:Caniformia5260:H. ochracea5218:B. nigripes5209:B. jacksoni5096:U. javanica5013:Herpestinae4988:C. obscurus4979:C. ansorgei4959:Crossarchus4815:(mongooses)4804:Herpestidae4784:S. durrelli4775:S. concolor4725:G. fasciata4662:E. goudotii4583:Herpestidae4493:P. cristata4354:G. thierryi4309:G. maculata4273:G. cristata4264:G. bourloni4017:Paradoxurus3975:Binturong (3914:Hemigalinae3891:Viverroidea3854:Viverroidea3813:F. nigripes3665:Leopard cat3650:P. concolor3567:L. pardinus3516:L. tigrinus3507:L. pardalis3498:L. jacobita3489:L. guttulus3462:L. colocola3221:N. nebulosa3191:Pantherinae3071:Feliformia2753:. USA Today2650:10023/205562332:27 November2127:15 December1733:El Comercio1345:23 November1279:24 November1155:23 November1102:19 November1006:similar to1004:image macro981:within the824:lanternfish793:antarcticus696:primiparous659:and at the609:New Zealand589:hauling-out517:locations.448:sperm whale421:Description385:by Swedish367:Kodiak bear103:Appendix II29:Pleistocene8952:Categories8426:M. nudipes8417:M. nivalis8381:M. kathiah8336:M. erminea8327:M. altaica8277:N. frenata8268:N. felipei8238:Mustelinae7980:I. libycus7894:G. vittata7760:M. caurina7537:M. anakuma7415:Mustelidae7402:Mustelidae7378:see below↓7369:Mustelidae7266:B. neblina7177:(raccoons)7148:B. astutus7146:Ringtail (7122:Kinkajou (7094:S. pygmaea7035:M. marchei6893:Mephitidae6761:M. leonina6653:Monachinae6624:P. hispida6615:P. caspica6412:A. gazella6344:N. cinerea6240:C. ursinus6178:Odobenidae6131:see below↓6111:see below↓6095:Pinnipedia6013:Sun bear (5980:T. ornatus5969:Tremarctos5945:Ailuropoda5883:Red wolf (5849:C. latrans5772:L. adustus5729:L. vetulus5702:L. griseus5632:Bush dog (5523:V. pallida5521:Pale fox (5505:V. lagopus5476:Cape fox (5356:Gray fox (5114:U. smithii4946:H. parvula4937:H. hirtula4825:Mungotinae4714:Galidictis4687:Galidiinae4615:Euplerinae4598:Eupleridae4587:sensu lato4558:C. crocuta4491:Aardwolf (4422:see below↓4363:G. tigrina4336:G. poensis4318:G. pardina4300:G. letabae4282:G. genetta4180:Genettinae4164:V. zibetha4084:Viverrinae4073:sensu lato4068:Viverrinae4037:P. jerdoni3904:Viverridae3863:see below↓3802:Sand cat (3609:A. jubatus3434:C. caracal3327:Pardofelis3146:P. linsang3087:Feliformia2979:Photos of2837:24 January2757:2 February2734:2 February2123:. Coml.org1958:2263/173881127:14 January1026:References946:Play fight857:Pagothenia853:Trematomus840:nothothens818:and other779:cephalopod626:, and the511:Antarctica371:polar bear328:Pinnipedia187:Pinnipedia8869:Q406017248372:M. itatsi8306:(weasels)8169:Lutrogale8106:E. lutris8064:L. felina7873:(grisons)7796:M. martes7739:(martens)7657:Guloninae7443:Mellivora7316:N. narica7257:B. medius7248:B. gabbii7239:B. alleni7227:(olingos)7196:Raccoon (7048:Spilogale6934:C. chinga6915:Conepatus6871:Ailuridae6670:Monachini6582:P. largha6252:Otariinae6215:sea lions6210:fur seals6201:Otariidae6086:Mustelida6057:U. arctos5919:Arctoidea5876:C. lycaon5831:C. aureus5761:Lupulella5673:Lycalopex5550:V. vulpes5548:Red fox (5512:Kit fox (5487:V. corsac5231:Herpestes4844:Meerkat (4603:(Malagasy4505:Hyaeninae4466:Hyaenidae4381:G. felina3795:F. lybica3607:Cheetah (3525:L. wiedii3514:Oncilla (3480:L. guigna3451:Leopardus3432:Caracal (3425:C. aurata3360:Bay cat (3281:P. pardus3279:Leopard (3254:P. tigris3212:N. diardi3130:Prionodon3030:Kingdom:3019:Carnivora2975:BBC Earth2948:ARKive –2884:8 October2865:, J.G.M.2863:Thewissen2855:MarineBio2793:15 August2659:1052-76132582:0027-84242467:1540-70632039:2539589211847:0254-18581714:1401653651706:0954-10201663:1676-74971591:2167-83591435:Thewissen1314:0076-35191192:: 145–1621122:cites.org985:. 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